Sports A Field

Giant Rams of Montana, Vol. 1

New book by Montana hunter celebrates the impressive bighorn sheep of Big Sky Country.

Anyone who is fascinated by bighorn sheep, and especially big rams, will be intrigued by this fascinating new book by Butte, Montana, author John “Timmer” Reeves. Giant Rams of Montana, Vol. 1, is a 272-page softcover book containing a collection of stories and full-color photos of the largest bighorns ever taken in Montana.

The book begins with the story of the new world record bighorn ram, found dead on Wild Horse Island and certified as a record in 2018. The rest of the book is a wonderful collection of first-person hunting stories, told by the successful sheep hunters themselves, with impressive color photos of each ram. Included are 16 rams with scores over 200 B&C, 14 rams scoring between 180 and 190 B&C, and 8 rams scoring over 180 B&C.

Later chapters include stories of other sheep hunts that may not have resulted in rams scoring in the top echelons of the record books, but were nonetheless exciting and meaningful to the fortunate hunters. The last section of the book includes descriptions of Montana’s sheep hunting districts, a listing of the top Montana rams from the B&C record book as of 2018, and information on the Wild Sheep Foundation and the Montana Wild Sheep Foundation.

Montana really is the Land of Giant Rams, and Giant Rams of Montana, Vol. 1, is a must-have addition to any sheep aficionado’s library.

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Settling the Score

The 30th Edition of Rowland Ward’s Records of Big Game will debut a new way of scoring African buffalo.

Go on a Cape buffalo safari almost anywhere in Africa, and you will hear professional hunters talk about a “38-inch bull” or say, “I saw one today I am sure would go over 40.” Since African sport hunting began, more than a century ago, a buffalo with a horn spread of 40 inches or more has been considered a very good head.  Spread means how far the horns extend in a straight line at a 90-degree angle from the skull–not total length of the horns from the tip around the horn toward the skull. In most hunting grounds in Africa, obtaining a head with 40 inches of spread or more is not easy, even in the those areas with the best trophy potential, such as Zambia and Tanzania. The Rowland Ward minimum for inclusion in its record book has, for decades, been 42 inches of spread. Rowland Ward measurers have also always recorded the width of the bosses and the straight-line, tip-to-tip spread, as supplemental information.

In the past two years the editors of Rowland Ward held many in-depth discussions with biologists, game department officials, client-hunters, and professionals alike to determine what would encourage the best management practices for buffalo herds and their age structure and what measurements would reflect the most desirable buffalo trophy and, above all, encourage the shooting of older bulls.  By about age seven, the spread of a buffalo is set.  At that age, its overall horn length (if measured from the tip of the horn curling back toward the skull) is probably at peak.  But the bosses are still “green,” or soft, and have not formed into a hard keratin material, which only happens when the buffalo reaches nine or ten  years of age, according to Dr. Kevin Robertson.  As a result of these discussions, in the upcoming edition of Rowland Ward’s Records of Big Game, Cape, Nile, and Central African buffaloes will be ranked on a total score that includes spread and the width of both bosses.

Rowland Ward does not allow for the measuring of green boss material, nor should it, as it occurs exclusively in up-and-coming bulls that are yet to become herd bulls–that is, the males that do most of the breeding. In extraordinary cases, some buffalo grow “airplane wing” horns that extend out and down to form horns that are shaped somewhat akin to the bottom end of the paddle of a canoe; very flat, thin, wide, and often curled. Such animals, even when very old, have almost no bosses, and often they are hermaphrodites, or bulls that have had their reproductive organs injured through fighting or predators.  Such heads may have a very large spread.  Under the new ranking system, however, such heads will drop down considerably in the ranks, because they have little or no bosses.

By combining the spread measurement, plus the width of the two bosses, Records of Big Gamewill encourage the harvesting of older bulls and emphasize the attributes that hunters like best in Cape buffalo: spread and hard bosses.  The changes will be implemented in the 30thedition of Records of Big Game, which comes out in November 2019.

This “airplane-wing” buffalo was shot shortly after WW II by Clary Palmer-Wilson, in Tanzania.  With its exceptional spread (64 inches) the head scored at the top of the list for several decades. The animal has virtually no bosses and, in fact, had been castrated in an accident many years before.
This buffalo was shot in 1973 in Kenya by Karl Flick, on the right, seen here with PH Robin Hurt.  It has exceptional bosses and superb spread (54 inches). Under the new ranking system, it will score well above the Palmer-Wilson head.

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The Future of Hunting

Hunter numbers have declined in the last few decades, but wildlife advocates are working hard to turn the tide.

Photo by Vic Schendel

Hunters are a distinct minority in today’s world. Recent data from the U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service suggest that there are about 15.4 million hunters in the U.S.–that’s only about 4.9 percent of the population. This is down from an estimated 16.2 million hunting license holders in 1980–6.87 percent of the U.S. population.

Before you get secretly excited that fewer hunters in the woods means a higher probability of success for you next hunting season, here’s a wake-up call: The exact opposite is true. Hunting license sales and federal excise taxes on hunting equipment provide the primary source of funding for wildlife conservation and habitat. This money amounts to 80 percent of the funding for state fish and wildlife agencies, and they are the primary managers and caretakers of our wildlife resources. If this funding decreases, our wildlife populations could go downhill, fast.

Numerous initiatives have sprung up with the goal of reversing the decline in hunter numbers. Chief among them are what’s being called “R3,” short for recruitment, retention, and reactivation. These efforts, spearheaded by fish and wildlife agencies and local and national conservation groups, include youth outreach, “Learn to Hunt” days, and mentoring programs. Among the more successful of these programs are the National Archery in the Schools Program, the Scholastic Clay Target Program, and the Becoming an Outdoors-Woman program.

These are all fantastic efforts, but they tend to be somewhat localized, and often the people they reach are those who are already hunters or who come from a hunting family. In an effort to widen these efforts and make them more effective, a coalition of state agencies, conservation groups, and industry partners combined to form the Council to Advance Hunting and the Shooting Sports (CAHSS). Research and resources provided by CAHSS are helping to develop and implement more effective programs to reach potential new members of the hunting community. (To learn more, see cahss.org.)

These are excellent efforts and badly needed. As I see it, there is also a “fourth R”–recognition–that should go hand-in-hand with the R3 efforts. Reaching out to potential new hunters is crucial, but so is addressing the overwhelming percentage of non-hunters with a positive message about hunting. Not everyone wants to become a hunter, but everyone should have the opportunity to learn why hunting is important to wildlife conservation and our economy, and they will be far more likely to support it at the ballot box, online, and in person.

A great example of a “fourth R” program is Colorado’s “Hug a Hunter” TV ad campaign, which is targeting general audiences watching network television during prime time with a friendly, pro-hunting message that is resonating with a non-hunting urban audience. A group called the Nimrod Society is working to get these pro-hunting ad campaigns started in other states. (To learn more, see nimrodsociety.org.)

All of these are efforts that hunters should wholeheartedly get behind. Hunter numbers are dwindling and public support for hunting is declining. Let’s work together, now, to turn the tide.

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Nine-Three

The 9.3, not the .375, should really be considered the minimum caliber for dangerous game.

It’s a longstanding article of faith that the .375 is the legal minimum for Africa’s thick-skinned dangerous game. This has been the “letter of the law” in some African jurisdictions, but in many cases, it is simply not true. Some African countries have no caliber stipulations at all. The most rigid I know of was the rule imposed by the East African Professional Hunters Association (EAPHA) that imposed a .40-caliber minimum for elephant, rhino, and hippo throughout the British sphere. This restriction essentially went away when the EAPHA formally disbanded in late 1977, following the closure of hunting in Kenya.

In most countries that have actual caliber (or cartridge) requirements, the more common minimum is not .375 but its European equivalent, the 9.3mm (caliber .366). Zimbabwe has perhaps the most complex rules, stating minimum energy requirements for various classes of game. Sounds good, but in the game laws these are expressed in the European kilojoules of energy, inexplicable to we non-metric Americans. Some years back the minimum energy requirement for “buffalo and larger” game fell right at the .375 H&H level, or about 4,000 foot-pounds of energy. The late Don Heath was in charge of Zimbabwe’s rigorous PH testing and licensing. Don was a staunch 9.3mm fan; twenty years ago he rewrote Zimbabwe’s game laws so that the minimum energy requirement for the largest game would include the 9.3x62mm Mauser and 9.3x74R, which produce a bit over 3,500 foot-pounds with the standard 286-grain bullet.

Boddington’s Sabatti 9.3x74R double groups inside of two inches at 100 yards, making it an effective and useful 200-yard double rifle. 93x74R doubles tend to be much less costly than big-bore doubles and can be built very light. This rifle weighs about seven pounds.

I believe strongly in the old adage to “use enough gun” for dangerous game. However, regardless of exactly how the law is written, common sense must be applied. Should a “.375 minimum” include the .375 Winchester, 250-grain bullet at 1,900 feet per second (fps) for barely 2,000 foot-pounds of energy? I think not! Most such rules clearly exclude the fast .33s which, with heavy-for-caliber bullets of 250 grains and more can develop well in excess of 4,000 foot-pounds of energy. Especially with the great bullets available today, I can assure you a .338 Winchester Magnum, Remington Ultra Mag, or Lapua is plenty adequate for buffalo. The same can be said of “fast .35s” with heavy bullets, such as the .358 Norma Magnum and .350 Rigby. However, regardless of theoretical adequacy, these may not be strictly legal.

Local game laws must be followed, even if they don’t always make perfect sense, and it’s not a bad idea to factor in conventional wisdom based on generations of experience. Not all of us are even amateur ballisticians. It’s perfectly OK to consider .375 as a sensible minimum for Africa’s largest game, but you need to think “.375 H&H” level of power. Included would be the .375 Flanged Magnum (the rimmed version for doubles) and the .376 Steyr (developed around Jeff Cooper’s “big bore Scout Rifle”). Both are slower than the .375 H&H, but can approach 4,000 foot-pounds, so are certainly adequate for buffalo. Excluded would be “mild .375s” like the .375 Winchester and the old 9.5x57mm Mannlicher-Schoenauer.

I’m perfectly fine with considering the 9.3mm as an alternative minimum standard. But, as with the .375, it’s important to understand which 9.3mm cartridges we’re talking about. Starting around 1900, the 9.3mm (.366-inch) became a standard and popular European bullet diameter. Cartridges of the Worldlists seven 9.3mm cartridges introduced early in the twentieth century. To this list must be added the .370 Sako Magnum (European designation 9.3x66mm), introduced into the U.S. in 2008 as a joint project between Federal and Sako. Half of these eight 9.3mm cartridges should be ignored because they are mild, on the order of the .35 Remington, and unsuited for dangerous game.

This Mozambique buffalo was taken cleanly with a single 286-grain Hornady Interlock from a Sabatti 9.3x74R double. The 9.3mms are probably marginal for elephant but even this mild 9.3mm is fully adequate for hunting buffalo.

That leaves four that are viable, useful, and adequate: 9.3x62mm Mauser; 9.3x64mm Brenneke; .370 Sako Magnum; and 9.3x74R. The first three are rimless bolt-action cartridges based on the 8mm Mauser or .30-06 case and able to be housed in standard .30-06-length actions. The 9.3x74R is a long, tapered rimmed cartridge, still a common chambering in Continental double rifles. The 9.3x62mm is by far the most popular. Like many older cartridges it’s enjoying quite a comeback, readily available in Europe and loaded by both Hornady and Norma. Introduced in 1905, it was essentially developed as a bolt-action version of the 9.3x74R. The two are ballistically identical; the most common loads for both feature a 286-grain bullet at 2,360 fps, yielding 3,530 foot-pounds.

Although case capacity and shape are similar to the 9.3x62mm, the “hottest” 9.3mm is Wilhelm Brenneke’s 9.3x64mm, introduced in 1910 and based on the .30-06 case. It is much faster, propelling the same 286-grain bullet at 2,690 fps and developing 4,580 foot-pounds. In Europe it was never as popular as the 9.3x62mm and is almost unheard-of in this country. The much newer .370 Sako (9.3×66), also based on the .30-06 case, pretty much falls in between the 9.3x62mm and the 9.3x64mm Brenneke. As loaded by Federal Premium, it features a 286-grain bullet at 2,560 fps, developing 4,147 foot-pounds.

In practical terms one can figure that the .370 Sako is the equal of the .375 H&H with 300-grain bullet, while the 9.3x64mm Brenneke exceedsthe .375 H&H. The 9.3x62mm and 9.3x74R, ballistic twins, are not quite the equal of the .375 H&H. My opinion is that all the 9.3mms and.375s are very marginal for elephant but, with heavy-for-caliber solids, will provide adequate penetration. Today, however, the buffalo represents the great majority of the dangerous-game universe. The 9.3mms are definitely adequate for any and all buffalo hunting.

The 9.3x62mm Mauser is the most common and most available. As usually loaded, with a 286-grain bullet at 2,360 fps, it offers an effective and mild-recoiling alternative. An advantage over the .375 H&H is that it can be housed in a .30-06 action, offering a lighter, trimmer package. Obviously the same can be said of the .370 Sako (9.3x66mm), except that it is loaded faster, pretty much equaling the .375 H&H and thus producing about the same recoil. In 2008 a group of us took .370 Sako rifles to Zimbabwe using Federal ammo with 286-grain Barnes Triple Shock and 286-grain Barnes Super Solids. Together we took about ten buffalo and (using the solids) a couple of tuskless elephants. Performance was awesome, no problems, so when I say it equals the .375 H&H with 300-grain bullets I’m basing it on this experience.

Exactly why the .370 Sako hasn’t taken off baffles me, but it hasn’t become nearly as popular as the old 9.3x62mm Mauser. Although possibly the best of the bunch, the 9.3x64mm Brenneke is a rare bird, especially in the U.S. On the other hand, there’s nothing wrong with mild recoil provided you have the performance. I just got a light, handy, gorgeous 9.3x62mm from the Montana Rifle Company. I’m taking it to Cameroon soon for one more (hopefully one last!) try for a dwarf forest buffalo.

Based on the .30-06 case, the .370 Sako Magnum is equal to the .375 H&H but in shorter and trimmer case. The 286-grain Barnes Triple Shock was recovered from a buffalo; the 286-grain Super Solid was recovered from an elephant, perfect performance from both.

The 9.3x74R is also not be overlooked. Continental 9.3x74R doubles are much less costly than big-bore doubles, and can be built wonderfully light. I have a Sabatti 9.3x74R double with detachable Contessa scope mount. It groups both barrels under two inches at 100 yards, making it a viable and useful 200-yard double rifle. Last year in Mozambique we got onto a herd of buffalo in miomboforest and I had a shot at a nice bull at about eighty yards, almost broadside but quartering slightly toward me. That rifle weighs just over seven pounds with scope and it bounces pretty hard! The bull took the 286-grain Interlock hard, but was gone before I could get back on him. He crashed away, then silence, and in a few seconds heard his death bellow. We found him quickly, stone dead.

One of the trackers commented, “I wasn’t sure you could kill a buffalo with that little rifle.” Having never taken a buffalo with that cartridge, I wasn’t 100 percent sure, either, but I am now!

 

 

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Great Winter Reads

A selection of books for reading by the fireside on a winter evening.

When the snow flies, the time is right to curl up by the fire with a good hunting book. Whether you prefer the classics or are looking for something brand-new, here are a few can’t-miss favorites.

One of the most interesting hunters of the twentieth century has been nearly forgotten today, but Sasha Siemel’s exploits live on in his excellent book, Tigrero! His hunts for the fierce jaguars in the jungles of Brazil—armed only with a spear—will leave you breathless. He guided many notables, including Theodore Roosevelt Jr., on expeditions and hunting adventures in the South American jungles. Siemel was so famous in the 1930s, ’40s, and ’50s that he appeared in liquor advertisements, Hollywood films, and even in a full-length feature article in the New York Times. His autobiography was published in 1953, and this new edition has been revised and expanded to include new stories by Siemel and a large selection of photos and illustrations.

No one could write a riveting story about tracking down a man-eater the way Jim Corbett could. Corbett wrote six books about his terrifying hunts for tigers and leopards in India. They’re all so good it’s tough to pick just one, but fortunately you can buy the whole set: Temple Tiger, Tree Tops, Jungle Lore, Man-eating Leopard of Rudraprayag, Man-eaters of Kumaon, and My India, housed in a printed slipcase. If you’re looking for something really special for your office bookshelf, a leather-bound version of the collection was recently commissioned to commemorate John Rigby & Co.’s acquisition of Corbett’s legendary .275 Rigby rifle. Each book in this limited edition of 275 numbered copies is signed by Rigby CEO Marc Newton and the set comes in a beautiful leather slipcase.

There are almost too many great books about African hunting to count, but if you re-read just one again and again, a good choice would be Robert Ruark’s Horn of the Hunter. This book-length story of his first African safari, shared with his wife, Virginia, and professional hunter Harry Selby, is one of the best accounts of a 1950s-era (or any era) African safari ever written. Ruark is evocative, funny, and self-deprecating, and his rollicking adventure through East Africa in what could be considered the glory days of the African safari is not to be missed.

Books by early North American hunters are not as well-known as those of classic Africana, but there are some excellent ones out there. One of these is Charles Sheldon’s The Wilderness of the Upper Yukon,in which the well-known hunter details his expeditions through the Yukon Territory to study wild sheep in 1904 and 1905. Just getting there was an adventure—he traveled by steamboat, canoe, horseback, and boot leather—and his companions included Frederick Selous, William H. Osgood, and the artist Carl Rungius. While sheep were the main focus, the explorers encountered moose, grizzlies, and caribou. The profuse photographs and paintings in this book bring these long-ago travels to life.

Readers who have enjoyed Walter “Karamojo” Bell’s other books—especially his classics Karamojo Safari and The Wanderings of an Elephant Hunter—will not want to miss two brand-new volumes of this great hunter’s writings. Compiled over the last several years from long-lost manuscripts left by Bell upon his death, both books have all the adventure, description, and riveting writing style Bell is known for. Incidents from an Elephant Hunter’s Diary is a collection of his never-before-published short stories, exploring Karamoja, Uganda, and the French Congo. Reminiscences of an Elephant Hunter is the complete autobiography of Bell, recounting his full life story, as well as more great adventure stories he wrote over the years, and an interesting section of letters and records from Bell’s varied and adventurous life. It’s a treasure trove for anyone interested in this exceptionally fascinating man.

Arguably the most famous hunting writer alive today, Craig Boddington has penned numerous books that are always interesting and entertaining reads, full of know-how and advice gleaned from his unparalleled hunting and shooting experience. Craig has now been hunting in Africa for more than forty years, and every ten years he has written a book chronicling the most recent decade of his adventures. His latest is From the Cape to Kasserine, detailing his hunts from 2007 to 2016, and it does not disappoint. From driven wild boar in Tunisia to elephants in Botswana, buffalo in Mozambique, lions in Tanzania, and offbeat trips to Ghana, Burkina Faso, and Liberia, he explores both popular and little-known hunting destinations and takes us along for a most enjoyable ride.

If you’ve ever watched professional hunter Buzz Charlton’s hair-raising elephant-hunting DVDs, you know this Zimbabwe PH is a fearless and personable character. In his new book, Tall Tales: The Life of a Professional Hunter in the Zambezi Valley, Charlton tells stories of his twenty-five years guiding safari hunters in the field. His stories range from his learning days as an apprentice PH—some of the funniest tales in the book—to adventures with clients of every imaginable stripe. Known for tackling crop-raiding elephants and ornery tuskless cows in the thick jesse of the Zambezi Valley, Charlton has had plenty of adventures, and he recounts them well.

All of these books are available from Safari Press, and if this lineup doesn’t get you through the entire winter, you can find dozens more titles at safaripress.com.

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Hunt It to Save It

Photo by Vic Schendel

Many think species protection requires the ending of hunting and protection by the government. Neither are true.

It was the last clear, bright day of September, and I went out onto the plains to hunt sage grouse. A brace of the oversized birds makes a limit, but there’s still the kicking up of them among the brush and cactus, and seeing the English cocker run, overjoyed.  These are birds to pluck, much too special to skin before eating.

It occurred to me as I hunted that the sage grouse had gone from straightforward upland game to a genuine trophy bird–like the wild turkey or the Eurasian capercaille. A cockbird mounted with its spiky pinnated tail feathers fanned, wings down, white breast feathers fluffed, and gular sacs expanded (curiously reminiscent of Mae West bundled in white furs at a Hollywood premiere), is a striking, unique addition to a hunter’s home.

With that in mind, I e-mailed an old friend who is a guide and outfitter in the grouse’s home range, asking if he could recommend anyone I might recommend to readers to take them hunting.  I thought more hunters should get to know the bird, gain an appreciation of it, and take an interest in its well-being as a species.

My friend’s somewhat gratuitous reply: “Sorry Tom, but sage grouse have become as rare as hen’s teeth, so we don’t hunt them anymore.  They used to be common, now we’re just trying to protect the vestiges of that population.” This is from a professional hunting guide, someone who should know that no game species is more orphaned than one nobody hunts anymore.

I realize many sincerely believe the sage grouse to be standing on a precipice, and certainly conscientious efforts at conservation must be, and are being, made.  Yet probably much of the energy expended in attempting to get the bird placed among the animals covered by the Endangered Species Act of 1973 is motivated by the desire to give the federal government increased power over the management of millions of acres, both public and private, that the grouse inhabits in almost a dozen Western states, and to take away power from the “yokels” who already live there.  And one of the tactics of those wishing to see the bird listed is the claim that this will protect it from hunters, as always the “usual suspects” in the decline of any species.

The grouse’s situation is complex, but the implications of those advocating for ESA status are clear: not hunting an animal is how you save it–and even hunting guides, it seems, can be made to believe this simplistic notion.  Add to that the other suggestion, that it takes the central government to preserve it.  But how true is that

Central governments have for years encouraged and/or orchestrated the killing of wildlife on a grand scale, especially predators.  Take the British as an example.  The cause of the tiger’s waning on the subcontinent is most often placed in the hands of pith-helmeted “Bungalow Bills” seated in howdahs on the backs of elephants.  Mark Twain, though, writing about his travels in British India in the mid-1890s, noted that “the government’s work is quite uniform. . . it about doubles the tiger’s average” of killing, each individual instance of maneating by the species met by the officially sanctioned culling of twice as many tigers80,000 big cats were destroyed in this fashion from 1875 to 1925 (after ending sport hunting in 1971, India turned some 1,800 remaining tigers into 1,411 after 34 years of “protection” and the expenditure of $400 million in “conservation” funds). 

Touring Britain’s East African territories in 1907 as Under Secretary of State for the Colonies, Winston Churchill promised, “Zebra, rhinoceros, buffalo, and other picturesque and fascinating nuisances will be driven from or exterminated within the settled areas, and confined to the ample reserves of uninhabited land.”  True to Churchill’s words, and as just one instance, famed professional hunter, J. A. Hunter, was tasked by the Kenya-colony government with killing 1,000 rhinos to sweep a region clean for a hopeless agricultural scheme. 

As President in 1906, the hero-father of American conservation, Theodore Roosevelt, moved to preserve the “finest deer herd in America.”  The mule deer on Arizona’s Kaibab Plateau had fallen to 4,000 with the carrying capacity of the land arbitrarily estimated at 30,000.  To protect them, Roosevelt created the Grand Canyon National Game Preserve and banned all deer hunting on it. Even Roosevelt, a lifelong hunter, in this case displayed a distinct lack of faith in the efficacy of hunting as a wildlife management tool. Meanwhile, as livestock overgrazed the plateau, the U.S. Forest Service was killing every predator it could find in the preserve, hundreds of lions and bobcats, a score of wolves, and nearly 7,500 coyotes.  Deer numbers exploded to 100,000 by 1924 and then proceeded to die off in the thousands from starvation in the succeeding years.  By 1939, the population was 10,000.

The Animal Damage Control Act of 1931 gave the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service the mandate that helped eliminate the gray wolf from the Lower 48, at taxpayer expense; and now the USFWS has spent hundreds of millions of those same taxpayers’s dollars to reintroduce the wolf they were once empowered to destroy, amounting to wildlife management à la “Sybil.”  The Act  also led to the wholesale killing of other prized big-game animals, such as cougar and black bear. 

There is hardly any need to reprise the fate of wildlife in Kenya after its government banned safari hunting in the late 1970s, except to recall the well-known remark that all great world-historic facts . . . appear, so to speak, twice . . . the first time as tragedy, the second time as farce.”  Thus to the ending by the Botswana government in 2014 of regulated safari hunting on public land in that country, to the detriment of wildlife and the delight of anti-hunters. 

In the abstract to a recent peer-reviewed report on Northern Botswana, Joseph Mbaiwa, Professor of Tourism Studies at the Okavango Research Institute at the University of Botswana, writes, “Results indicate that the ban led to a reduction of tourism benefits to local communities such as:  income, employment opportunities, social services such as funeral insurancescholarships, and income required to make provision of housing for needy and elderly . . . Reduced tourism benefits have led to the development of negative attitudes by rural residents towards wildlife conservation and the increase in incidents of poaching in Northern Botswana.”

It is manifest what can be accomplished when hunters, not governments, are the ones who concern themselves with, or if you wish, just follow their selfish interests to, the conservation of a species.  Simply look at ducks, turkeys, elk, and sheep and the efforts of non-governmental hunters’ organizations such as Ducks Unlimited, the National Wild Turkey Federation, the Rocky Mountain Elk Foundation, and the Wild Sheep Foundation. Markhor are now doing well in Pakistan due almost exclusively to the work, and the passion, of hunters.  The Père David’s deer exists today because the last survivors of the Chinese species were placedin theNanyuan Royal Hunting Garden on the outskirts of Beijing, until the Boxer rebellion overran the park in 1901.  Luckily, some deer had already been sent to Europe for zoological collections; and later they went to places like Texas and Argentina to be hunted, increasing enough as hunting trophies that they have been reintroduced into their native range. 

Still, hunters’ best efforts can be thwarted.Even if brakes can be applied to the federal administration, that still leaves state executives to sign orders ending hunting, as New Jersey Governor Philip Murphy did in August, halting the black-bear season on public land.  Or ballot initiatives that really began with the outlawing of cougar hunting in California in 1990, and the killing of about 2,500 lions on depredation permits in the state since.  Around the country in the following years, some forty“animal-protection” initiatives were approved by state voters–remember, there is no state in which hunters are not a minority–often because of mawkish, dishonest appeals to the emotions of a non-hunting electorate.  Then there is the judiciary.

As expected, Chief Judge Dana L. Christensen of the U.S. District Court of the District of Montana in September returned the grizzly bear in Idaho, Wyoming, and Montana to the Endangered Species list, dismissing over forty years of successful conservation and restoration efforts.  According to a Mike Garrity, executive director of the Alliance for the Wild Rockies, grizzlies will “now truly have a chance to recover” and “their habitat will be protected until they are recovered.” “Recovered” as in never, or at least not as long as judges like Christensen sit on the bench.

However this picture ultimately turns out, not many of us here today are likely still to be around to read the credits.  But I know turning my back on the sage grouse (or any species we hunt), leaving it to meet its fate alone, is not salvation. Maybe I can’t be sure what salvation is, or if I am able to contribute toward itbut I plan, if I can, to go out after sage grouse again next year with my dog, secure in the knowledge that by sharing its world, despite what anybody may care to tell me, I am ratifying the continuing million-and-a-half-year existence of Meriwether Lewis’s “Cock of the Plains” on the land where it belongs. 

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Africa is for the Birds

Hunters focused on big game often overlook the great bird shooting opportunities on the continent.

We were just outside of Etosha National Park, in rolling country with the sun just starting to drop over low hills to the west. Namibia’s normally perfect July sky was, well, overcast, carrying a hint of rain so unseasonal as to be almost impossible, but as the sun dipped through scattered clouds the sunset was fantastic.

In position with a small waterhole in front of us, Brian Roodt and I watched the sun dip lower and we waited and looked at each other. A few of the big African doves with black neck-flashes zoomed past, but there was no whistling of the sand grouse we awaited. More ominous, we saw none staging on the horizon. Brian is a good young outfitter in a business that needs good young outfitters, and this was a favorite spot for sand grouse. We’d driven like mad over dusty roads and opened umpteen gates, timing our arrival so we’d catch the sunset flight. But the sand grouse were a no-show. We shot a few doves, but as the falling sun touched the horizon they were roost-bound and finished for the day. Visibly deflated, shoulders slumped, Brian and I got ready to head back to the truck. It was a bust.

Twelve minutes past sundown, we heard the high-pitched whistling as the first flight came in, catching us totally unready. They came screaming in, twos and threes and sixes and a dozen. Dusk caught us too soon, but by then our barrels were hot and it was time to use the remaining light to collect our birds.

A few helmeted guinea fowl for the pot. Most guinea fowl are taken in quick chance encounters. With planning and plenty of help it’s possible to drive them, especially in agricultural areas, and that can be fantastic shooting.

The sand grouse is not a grouse at all—it looks more like a shorebird with grouse-like barred feathering and a plump and tasty breast. A semi-desert bird, the sand grouse is widespread in Africa. In Namibia the double-banded or Burchell’s sand grouse tend to come to water just at sunset, while the Namaqua sand grouse fly at mid-morning. Normally you can set your watch by them; we could only speculate that the cloudy skies put them off their schedule. The flights don’t last long; in the evening it’s fast and furious for just a half-hour; in the morning the flights might last an hour.

Robert Ruark was a shotgunner long before he touched a rifle; from Horn of the Hunter onward, his accounts of big game are always spiced with bird shooting. I think sand grouse offer Africa’s most classic bird shooting, at least in part because I know of no feathered game as difficult to hit. They’re faster than doves and more acrobatic, twisting and diving as they approach the waterhole, whistling bravely through shot and shell. The sand grouse, however, is just a small part of Africa’s rich shotgunning.

Doves and pigeons can be plentiful, and in well-watered areas there can be excellent waterfowl hunting. The staples are the partridge-like francolin and pheasant-size guinea fowl, both occurring in multiple species. Tastiest of all is probably the francolin, but both francolin and guinea fowl are a welcome addition to camp fare. The problem with both is they are running birds. A mad dash through the thorn might yield a fast flushing shot, but for serious wingshooting the best way to hunt both francolin and guinea fowl is to organize a drive, which requires planning and help. The few outfitters who offer wingshooting safaris often do driven hunts in agricultural areas. Both flushing and pointing breeds are also used, but most francolin and guinea fowl are taken in fast chance encounters.

It depends on where you are and hatches vary from year to year. However, in the midst of her big game, most of Africa has good bird shooting, but few visiting hunters take advantage of the opportunity. I’m as guilty as most, but over the years I’ve done a fair amount of African wingshooting and it’s always wonderful.

I think most hunters do at least some bird shooting at home, and some serious shotgunners hunt feathered game almost exclusively. Either way, as you plan your African safari(s) I think this is something you should ask prospective outfitters about. Game birds of some type will almost always be present, sometimes in profusion. In order to take advantage of it, there are two considerations: Shotguns and shells. Whether you should take your own shotgun depends on how avid you are. We all shoot better with our own shotguns, but most professional hunters keep a shotgun around. It may a short-barreled gun for snakes, wildly unsuitable for birds, or it may be a more versatile setup used for pygmy antelopes in thick cover. A few years ago Johan Calitz uncased a pair of Westley Richards 20-bores for an impromptu driven francolin shoot. Shotguns of that quality are unusual in any hunting camp, and in Africa anything other than 12-gauge is uncommon. But you never know until you ask.

I’ve taken shotguns before; this year, planning some serious bird shooting, I took a Caesar Guerini sporting clays gun to Namibia. However, I also had a .270 for plains game and a double .450 for buffalo. When picking and packing guns for Africa, “two’s company and three’s a crowd.” Three guns, though possible, makes the gun case too heavy, plus three is a lot to look after.

Boddington and Hanns-Louis Lamprecht and a good shorthair after a quick morning’s flight of Namaqua sand grouse. The morning flight isn’t as hectic as evening, normally starting about 9 a.m. and lasting perhaps an hour.

If you take a shotgun, think about mating it with just one rifle. On plains game hunts, two rifles aren’t essential; just pick one very versatile rifle based on the largest game you intend to hunt. If a buffalo is on the menu, a good old .375 will handle everything just fine (as always). Obviously I didn’t do that this year, and I hated myself every time I had to lug the gun case. In my defense, I bummed around Namibia for nearly a month but, predictably, the only time I used the .450 was for buffalo. The shotgun, however, saw quite a bit of use. I had several excellent sand grouse and dove shoots, and chased guinea fowl and francolin here and there. Taking your own shotgun is a personal decision, as is choosing your rifle(s).

What about shells? Standard baggage allocation remains five kilograms or eleven pounds. Last year we took Donna’s Krieghoff 20-gauge to Mozambique and fit in three ten-packs of No. 5 turkey loads, plenty for suni and blue duiker and a few guinea fowl for the pot. You might manage a couple boxes of 12-gauge loads along with your rifle ammo, but you cannot carry enough for serious bird shooting. So, along with available shotguns, you need to discuss shotgun shells with your outfitter. Supplies vary widely across Africa, from scarce and precious to readily sourced, but if you want to do serious wingshooting, especially high-volume shooting like doves and sand grouse, your outfitter must lay in a supply. South Africa is not a problem, and now Namibia isn’t, either. After investing nearly five years in getting all the permits, my old friend Hanns-Louis Lamprecht is now manufacturing shotshells, the first commercial ammunition ever loaded in the country of Namibia.

Adequate supplies of shotshells are a problem in much of Africa. In Namibia, Hanns-Louis Lamprecht is now loading hunting ammo under his Lamprecht brand, and Fiocchi target loads under license. This is the first factory ammunition of any type ever manufactured in Namibia.

Initial offerings include game loads under his Lamprecht brand, and he’s also making Fiocchi target loads under license. A major reason I lugged a shotgun was to try out his ammo, and I was impressed. His shells are clean-burning and hard hitting, and when I did my part birds fell. However, with sand grouse, nobody bats a thousand!
On another evening with Brian Roodt there was a band of dark bush just beyond the waterhole. Just as the birds dipped down, that dark bush was behind them, so every time I thought I had the lead just right they vanished utterly. It was embarrassing, but that’s part of sand grouse shooting. Morning shoots usually aren’t as furious, and good light helps. One morning Hanns-Louis and I had about three-quarters of an hour of steady shooting. We picked up eighteen birds for forty shells, almost filling our ten-bird limits. I’m not sure I can do much better than that!

 

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Traveling with Firearms

Advice for trouble-free travel with firearms, and what to do when things go wrong.

Traveling with firearms complicates everything. Honestly, it’s becoming a pain in the posterior…I breathe a sigh of relief when I travel withouta gun case! However, with some exceptions, we still can travel with firearms. It’s pointless to try to list the exceptions, because they’re subject to change. Some airlines do not carry firearms. Some airports are best avoided, including London and New York! And here are some destinations where hunting is legal…but where it is impossible to bring in a firearm.

For me in recent years these have included Ghana, Liberia, and the Philippines…and even our own state of Hawaii (not impossible, but difficult). If you can’t bring a firearm, then the outfitter must provide one. More common, for simplicity and ease of travel, you choose to borrow or rent a firearm. This works all sorts of different ways. It is difficult for non-U.S. citizens to bring firearms into the United States We’ve had several Canadians join us for our Kansas whitetail hunts. We keep a couple of scoped right-handed rifles there as loaners…and a spare left-handed rifle for my southpaw buddy from Alberta, Derek Barnes.

Although it’s always more trouble, Donna and I both prefer to travel with our own firearms. In part this is because we’re both left-handed. Mostly it’s because, after all, I’m a gunwriter, and if I can’t bring my firearm then I’m going to lose out on potential “gun stories.” Also, I’m a gun guy, and any hunt is more satisfying if I can bring my concept of the “perfect tool.”

Don’t forget U.S. Customs From 4457, which serves as a U.S. “gun permit” in most countries, and is essential for returning with your firearm. Boddington has a huge stack for most firearms he’s ever owned, but these days they have an expiration date; you may need a new one.

So, despite extra trouble and more paperwork, I’m not afraid to travel with firearms. Let me give you the good and bad news. Good: I have some nice guns. None are extremely valuable, but some I consider irreplaceable. I travel with them and I don’t worry about it too much. Insurance is always a good idea, but I haven’t heard about a gun case being irretrievably lost in a long time. Anything is possible, but today it’s less likely because firearms almost universally receive special handling. Again, insurance is sensible, especially for valuable guns, but once the agent puts a bag tag on your gun case the airline accepts responsibility. In fifty years of traveling with firearms I have never have a gun case lost.

Which brings us to the bad news: Dozens of times I’ve had properly checked firearms delayed or “misplaced.” At least in my case they have always surfaced…but you never know exactly how long they might be delayed. Sometimes the airline can track missing bags and give you a pretty good idea that they’ll be in on the next flight or the next day. You wait and hope for the best. In remote destinations accurate tracking is unlikely, so you fill out the paperwork, pester the airlines, call your travel agent, and hope…but sooner or later, as your hunting days trickle past, you have little choice but to continue the hunt and implement Plan B, which is to borrow or rent whatever firearms are locally available.

This happens often enough that a very standard and routine question when booking any hunt should be: “Suppose my gun case is delayed, what (if anything) will be available?”

Even with the best planning, baggage can go astray. This can happen on short domestic flights, but the likelihood isn’t so much a matter of distance as number of connections. The more connections, the more likely Murphy’s Law will rule. Short connections are playing with fire, and risks are increased when you must switch from one airline to another (often unavoidable).

Of course, it doesn’t have to be the gun case! Any bag can be delayed or mis-routed. I’ve never been to Tahiti, but I’ve had checked bags sent there! You can usually borrow or buy suitable clothes, so the real key to continuing with the mission is to pack your carry-on as if your life and your trip depend on it: Medications, spare eyeglasses, comfortable shoes, camera, binocular.

Skip back t to my phrase “properly checked firearms.” These days, the horror stories are legion! All too often it’s a case of not knowing the rules. Just like a traffic stop, lack of knowledge of the law is no excuse. Occasionally the problem is a recalcitrant ticket agent who doesn’t know the rules. This is a tough one because, these days, we can’t argue with these people. Start with Step One: Make sure you know the rules. Step Two: Have all of yourpaperwork in order. Step Three: Be polite, ask for a supervisor, and get your travel agent on the phone!

Oh, you booked your own travel? Honest, when traveling with firearms this is often a major error. For domestic travel you can get information from the airline website, but you should always call the airline and tell them you are traveling with a gun case. For international travel with firearms you are best-served by going through a travel agent who specializes in or at least is knowledgeable about travel with firearms. There are quite a few, but agencies we have used in recent years include: Miriam Clingensmith at Frosch, [email protected]; Debbie Gracy at www.gracytravel.com; Steve Turner at www.travelwithguns.com; and Barbara Wollbrink at International Journeys, [email protected].

The thing is, different airlines, especially international carriers, may have different rules. So do most international destinations…and some key airports. Amsterdam and Dubai are excellent hubs for onward travel to hunting destinations in both Africa and Asia, but both require local police clearance for travel with firearms, even in transit. A hunting-and-gun-savvy travel agent will help you through the paperwork…and provide an after-hours contact if you run into issues.

Here’s a (mostly self-inflicted) nightmare:  A buddy of mine just went on an ibex hunt in Turkey. He booked his own travel through Amsterdam, but didn’t do the police clearance. I have no idea how he got on the plane in the first place, but of course his gun case didn’t get past Amsterdam. They sent it back to his originating airport. Meantime, he went on to Turkey, but of course no gun. He called Miriam Clingensmith of Frosch in Houston, and somehow she got the airline to forward his gun case to Turkey, perhaps under the logic that they had tagged it. Anyway, he got his rifle…but by the time all this happened he had lost more than half his hunt and went home without an ibex (but with his gun case).

Here’s where our fast-changing world can throw a monkey wrench. Turkish hunters and outfitters have good firearms available. However, a new wrinkle in Turkish law renders it illegal to “loan” a firearm. So, instead of being able to borrow a firearm, my buddy had to sit on his hands waiting for his gun case to arrive while his hunt circled the drain. Istanbul is one of the easiest big airports in the world to transit with firearms, rivaling Frankfurt and Paris, and Turkey is not difficult for temporary permits. This “no loaning of firearms” is a new hurdle.

Most hunting destinations have a temporary firearms permit requirement. In three of the most popular—Canada, Namibia, and South Africa—you can apply upon arrival, and you can obtain the forms in advance (on-line, or from your outfitter, booking agent, and/or travel agent) and have them already filled out. Nice to have, because upon initial check-in, the ticket agent is supposed to ascertain that you can legally enter your country of destination (and pass through transit airports) with your firearm.

It’s just a matter of hitting all the wickets which, depending on the destination, may be simple or complex. Trust me, I don’t do this myself. Again, your outfitter, booking agent, and/or gun-savvy travel agent can and will help. Just make sure they transmit a copy of your destination temporary gun permit so you can show it to the ticket agent when you check in. The legend is that gun permits are horribly Draconian in the British Isles. Not really…you just have to follow the rules. We’ve taken firearms into England with no problems at all, but both Ireland and Scotland are simpler. In 2018 we hunted in both countries. In Edinburgh and Dublin the airport police were friendly and helpful, interested in where we were going and what we were hunting. Our outfitters, Michael Grosse in Scotland and James Nolan in Ireland, had done their groundwork and we’d done our homework. We had our permits, and we had no trouble. So, the most important tenets of international travel with firearms are to know the rules, and make certain you have followed them! And then, try to have some kind of backup plan, just in case.

 

 

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Highland Tradition

Photos by Tweed Media International

Steep green hills and sturdy garron ponies are the backdrop to a magnificent red stag hunt in the Scottish Highlands.

The two ponies, tied nose-to-tail, were small and sturdy, with shaggy manes and placid demeanors. Our tweed-clad ponyman, recognizing my interest in all things equine, let me hold the halter rope and pet the lead pony’s nose beneath the long forelock. I noticed its packsaddle, a different type from any I had ever seen.

“Aye, some of these saddles are more than a hundred years old. They dinna make many of them anymore,” Alistair, head stalker at Drummond Estates in Perthshire, Scotland, had told me earlier.

A hunt for red stags in the Scottish Highlands is steeped in tradition, most of which has changed very little in more than a century. Your guides—called stalkers—still wear tweed from head to toe, although they’ll pull on a high-tech rain jacket when necessary. Each guide has his own “beat,” or section of the estate, which he knows like the back of his hand. You’ll cover ground—lots of it—on foot. And you’ll limit your shot to 200 yards, belly-crawling through the long grass and using dips and folds in the terrain for cover on the windy, treeless hillsides as you try to get within range of a mature stag.

One of the few things that haschanged in the Highlands in the last century is the method of game recovery. Traditionally, game was taken off the hill on the back of a sturdy Highland pony, also called a garron. These days, most of the places you’ll hunt in Scotland use more expedient—and lower-maintenance–Argos to transport game (the slopes of the Highlands are far too close to vertical to allow the use of ATVs or other wheeled vehicles). But a few estates, Drummond among them, still take stags off the hill the old-fashioned way—lashed to a hundred-year-old saddle on the back of a pony originally bred for this specialized task. The ponyman, typically leading a pair of garrons (one to carry the stag and one to keep the other pony company), follows the stalkers all day, at some distance, with his charges.

“What a cool job you have,” I said to Jack, our ponyman.

“Aye,” he grinned. “I canna believe someone pays me to do this!”

A moment of bonding with a Highland pony.

So far on this hunt, I hadn’t given the ponies much work to do, other than haul our lunches and a Thermos of hot tea to the rugged summit of a ridge. I wasn’t sure if this height was high enough to be classified a “munro”—a peak over 3,200 feet—but our two-hour hike up that morning sure had felt long and steep enough to classify. Now we were taking a break at the top, huddled behind a jumble of rocks in an attempt to escape the incessant, gusting wind. It had been spitting rain on the way up, and we were socked in with fog here at the top. It was exactly as I had imagined Scottish weather would be.

This gray, frigid perch was a full one-eighty from the luxurious accommodations I had left that morning. I was staying at the world-famous Gleneagles Resort, built in the 1920s to host the well-heeled for a traditional Scottish country holiday of golf, shooting, stalking, and fishing. In recent years it has hosted the Ryder Cup and even a G7 summit, but Gleneagles remains true to its roots and still offers stag-stalking excursions on nearby estates, including this one. The hotel provides a driver to whisk you off to your adventure and pick you up at the end of the day, as well as sending along a magnificent lunch of roast beef sandwiches and Scottish eggs, which I was now wolfing down and following with gulps of hot tea. The combination was finally beginning to counteract the damp Highland chill.

The fog was beginning to lift, too, just as our stalker, Paul, had hoped it would. As the sky cleared, we got to our feet to continue the hunt and I was treated to a big reveal, the reward for the steep climb that morning—a stunning panorama of grassy hills, rocky cliffs, and a marshy green valley far below.

The wind, however, refused to abate. It swirled around us maddeningly as we moved along the ridgeline, glassing the slopes below for deer. Stalking in the wide-open Highlands is all about using the terrain, so you’re always hiking up and down, going around knobs and points and finger ridges. The deer, including a few huge herds of forty or fifty animals, were mostly tucked into the hillside directly below us to escape the wind, and despite our best efforts on every stalk the tricky winds swept our scent to the deer almost every time.

By late afternoon we had come to a hilltop crowned with enormous peat “hags,” which look like giant, grass-capped mushrooms of soft peat moss. These provided excellent cover for stalking a herd with several mature stags, but the deer were restless and spooky. We ran from vantage point to vantage point, crawling on hands and knees to peer around the hags, until my pant legs and gaiters were smeared brown with peat mud. When a chance finally came and I settled belly-down behind the rifle, all the deer were facing us, and then, as one, the herd turned and headed directly away at a trot, providing no shot opportunity. And that was the end of my first day of stag stalking. A GPS phone app showed we had hiked eighteen miles.

Fortunately, there was more to come. After a magnificent meal at Gleneagles’ high-end Strathern restaurant that evening—naturally, I ordered wild Highlands stag in a red wine sauce—and a good night’s sleep in the luxurious bed, I was back at the estate the next morning as the stalkers gathered their gear and saddled up the ponies. Although it was still windy, it was a bluebird day, with clear skies and plenty of sunshine.

This morning my guide was Alistair, the estate’s head stalker. The head stalker is awarded the estate’s best “beat,” so I felt pretty confident as we headed out. We trekked upward along the edge of a small clearcut, topping the ridge in about an hour and a half, and began to glass the surrounding hillsides. I could see our ponyman, Jack, shadowing us with his two charges, just specks on the slopes far below.

The blue sky set off the green hillsides, covered with lush tall grass. The scenery got even prettier when we started spotting deer. There were several large herds of hinds and young stags feeding along the lower slopes, and we covered plenty of ground just as we had done the day before, working our way along the heights and studying the herds through our binoculars.

In the early afternoon we spotted a large herd—some forty or fifty deer—with several mature stags. Alistair and I were able to belly-crawl to the edge of the slope and I rested the rifle, a borrowed Sauer 404 in 6.5 Creedmoor, on my daypack, studying the restless herd below. The stags on the near edge of the herd were just within our 200-yard limit, but they were milling restlessly, and the stag I wanted never stepped clear. We watched them for fifteen minutes or so before the entire herd began to move away from us; soon they were five or six hundred yards distant.

We wormed our way back from the edge and then then jogged around the back of the hill and up the next couple of rises until the herd came back into view. It looked as though they had finally relaxed, with about half the deer bedded down in the tall grass. We were well inside our range window this time, so I got comfortable in a prone position behind the scope once again. Alistair explained which stag he wanted me to shoot, but it was bedded, facing away from us. I wasn’t worried; I’d wait for the right opportunity and be ready when the stag stood. It was comfortable lying there on the soft hillside, bathed in warm sunlight with the cool breeze washing over us.

Twenty minutes later, as if responding to some prearranged signal, the entire herd, including my stag, stood up and moved off, straight away from us, and vanished over a rise. Once again, I never had a shot.

Though frustrated, I had to admit I was impressed. The wide-open country and the large numbers of deer had caused me to assume that stag stalking in Scotland wouldn’t be particularly difficult. I was quickly learning how wrong I had been.

I was afraid we had blown our last chance; the afternoon was wearing on, and the big herd had seemingly vanished. We went around the crest in the direction the herd had gone and dropped down again off several fingers, searching in vain. How could several dozen coppery-red deer simply vanish on a wide-open, green hillside?

Alistair, however, was not one to give up, no matter the odds. Since the deer were not above us or on our level, there was only one place they could be—far down below us, tucked in somewhere on the lower slopes. To my amusement, he sat down and began sliding down the steep slope on his butt, so I followed suit. It was easy and fun, riding the soft, slippery grass down the hill like kids on a slide. We slid a couple of hundred yards, with Alistair stopping occasionally to peer directly below us with his binocular. Then we’d resume our slide. Finally he stopped, flipped onto his belly, and crawled to a slight lip in the hill. He looked back at me and motioned me to join him. I slithered up beside him like a snake.

When I peered over the lip, I was astonished to see the deer, looking surprisingly relaxed, some 180 yards straight down below us. The rifle was resting once again on my daypack, and I studied the herd through the scope as Alistair talked me skillfully onto the right stag—not an easy task in such a large group of deer. At first, other stags were standing too close or behind him, but eventually he stood clear. My opportunity had come at last.

The trigger on the Sauer 404 had been adjusted to require only a light touch, and I squeezed gently as soon as I was steady on the stag’s chest. The entire herd bolted, but my stag lagged behind, staggered, and fell.

I took my eye off my fallen stag only when I realized the rest of the herd was passing right by us at fifty yards, unaware of our presence, making their way back up the hill in a stately procession: hinds, young deer, and stags of every size. It was a magnificent sight.

Alistair bounded joyously ahead of me down the near-vertical slope, while I picked my way carefully to where my stag lay. Long winters and low forage make life tougher for stags in the Scottish Highlands than it is in some other parts of the world where red deer occur, but my stag was in beautiful condition, with a sleek copper coat and fine, tall antlers with good mass and four points on each side. A strip or two of velvet still hung from the lower tines.

Diana Rupp admires a fine Highland stag taken on the second afternoon of the hunt.

Alistair handled the gutting—which the Scots call the gralloch—and at last it was time for the Highland ponies to get to work. Paul had come up to help, and I held the halter while he, Alistair, and Jack heaved the stag up onto the pony’s back and tied it skillfully to the saddle hooks. They then lashed the stag’s head along its back so the antlers would not gouge the pony’s flank. Through it all, the garron stood placidly, a veteran of this task, and its companion watched, switching its tail as if knowing that it was getting off easy this time.

Jack led the ponies down toward the valley in the orange glow of late afternoon. Cooling temperatures and a yellow tinge to the grass signaled that despite the calendar reading late August, fall had already come to the Scottish Highlands. But the real proof was in the century-old scene on the slope below me: three hunters in traditional tweed with two sturdy ponies, one bearing a fine Highland stag, all of us heading home from the hill.

 

Gleneagles Resort

Since opening its doors in June 1924, Gleneagles has been one of Scotland’s most iconic hotels and sporting estates. Set beneath the Ochil Hills, in the heart of Perthshire, the 850-acre estate epitomizes Scotland’s natural beauty. In addition to 232 sumptuous bedrooms and suites, the hotel boasts nine restaurants and bars, including Andrew Fairlie, Scotland’s only two-Michelin-starred restaurant, and the opulent American Bar, featuring cocktails inspired by the Roaring 20s. There are three championship golf courses, an award-winning spa, and a sporting clays facility with instruction available.

Gleneagles now also offers deerstalking, the most traditional of the Scottish country pursuits. Hunters spend a day in the magnificent hills accompanied by a stalker who knows the ground intimately and will show guests how stealth, field skills, and an understanding of the wild deer can take them within range of these majestic beasts. Guests are provided with a delicious picnic, as well as clothing, optics, rifles, and ammunition, as well as transport to and from the hotel.

Price is £1,095 ($1,400) per person per day for stag, £750 ($980) per person per day for roe deer or red hind. Rooms at Gleneagles start at £520 ($680) per night based on double occupancy, and include a full Scottish breakfast each morning and use of The Health Club facilities. For more information, visit www.gleneagles.com.

 

Gear For Stag Hunting

A Sauer 404 rifle in 6.5 Creedmoor, topped with a Leica scope and loaded with Hornady’s 143-grain ELD-X Precision Hunter ammunition, was the ideal tool for a Scotland stag hunt. Suppressors are standard equipment when hunting in this part of the world and my rifle was equipped with one.

Leica’s Geovid Range 10×42 is an excellent binocular, and its rangefinding capabilities are impressive. I had no trouble ranging stags several hundred yards away despite frequent mist and fog, and the LED readout was bright and sharp, as was the optical quality.

I wouldn’t have handled the damp, windy conditions of the Scottish Highlands nearly as well without my Swazi Shikari Coat, which is 100 percent waterproof and windproof and an ideal layer for any hunt in similar conditions. Swazi gaiters were also invaluable; without them my pant legs would have quickly soaked through after hiking through the tall, wet grass.—D.R.

 

 

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Climbing for Chamois

The challenging and rewarding pursuit of Europe’s wary mountain goat.

Hunting chamois (pronounced shammy or shamwah) is a traditional European pastime. These 55- to 130-pound mountain dwellers have been familiar prey and welcome dinner guests for thousands of years. From peasants and herders to kings and queens, hunters have launched expeditions to slay the hearty, elusuve mountain chamois. Many of our oldest hunting traditions and earliest conservation restrictions evolved through management of these unique animals. Even firearms—those trim, light, elegant European single-shots—were inspired by chamois. Climbing the hills, mountains, and rocky ridges of Europe and the Middle East in search of chamois in montane, sub-alpine, and alpine habitats is as classic a hunt as Europe offers.

Thanks to hunters, the agile, sprightly, rock hopping chamois now roam the mountains of New Zealand, too. Homesick hunters introduced them to that far southern island way back in 1907. With no predators aside from humans, chamois have since pioneered nearly all suitable habitats on the beautiful, mountainous South Island. While environmental purists wish to exterminate them, sportsmen are fighting to maintain them at tolerable levels. After all, domestic sheep and humans are invasive species, too, doing far more ecological damage than chamois. No one’s proposing eliminating them.

In Europe, chamois live in suitably rugged terrain as high as 11,000 feet from northwest Spain east to the Caucasus, south to Greece and Turkey and north as far as Czech Republic. Many populations are isolated in small mountain ranges, leading to a confusion of quasi sub-species. Pursuing all of the varieties is a great way to explore the mountain ranges of Europe.

Hunting the different varieties of chamois is a great way to explore the mountain ranges of Europe and New Zealand.

While a member in good standing of the Bovid family and Caprinae subfamily, the chamois is not a true goat or sheep. It is a member of the genus Rupicapra, species rupicapra. Like the similarly unique North American mountain goat, chamois males (I’ve heard them called rams, bucks, billies, and even bulls) do NOT bash horns in the manner of sheep and true goats. They mostly posture and chase. If they do clash, it’s more about pushing, shoving, and hooking/raking the opponent’s body than butting heads. Relatively delicate chamois horns are not engineered for high impact clashing, but evisceration from those wickedly sharp, hooked horns seems a distinct possibility.

Sizes are variable, but most chamois stand 26 to 32 inches at the withers and stretch 40 to 55 inches from nose to stubby tail. An erect neck atop a fairly sturdy, long-legged trunk gives the chamois a lively, alert look. Pelage varies by subspecies and location from tan and brown to chocolate, turning nearly black in winter, especially in males. A white nose blaze extends up between black, hooked horns in both sexes. The lower jaw and throat are white, leaving a dark band of short fur from nose tip through the eyes to the ears. Inner ears usually white, rump often white. Horns are usually heavier and longer in the males, reaching as many as 14 inches around the outside curve with ten inches representing a good to great trophy. Males also have a leathery scent pad/gland at the rear base of each horn that swells during the rut and could be significant for scent marking, establishing dominance or identity, or signaling females about virility and the physiological condition of the ram.

Despite the vertical terrain it favors, chamois are great runners able to reach speeds of a reported 31 mph even over rough, tilted landscapes. Watching them dash steeply downhill over broken terrain is enough to put your heart in your throat. They can leap more than six feet straight up. Like most mountain bovids, chamois maintain their footing with hooves that include a leathery, somewhat spongy inner surface mated to hard hoof edges.

Females and young herd in small bands which otherwise solitary males visit during the brief fall mating season running October through December. Hunts are conducted then, but also across a wide span of months from June to February depending on the country and its traditions. If there can be said to be a chamois stronghold, the Alps of France, Switzerland, Austria, and Italy are it. Turkey has Anatolian chamois across an extensive range. Caucasian chamois are estimated to number around 15,000.

Romania boasts the largest subspecies, the Carpathian chamois, which has the largest horns of all chamois on average. This is definitely the destination for the big ones.

Because of its small size and modest horns, the chamois doesn’t draw hunters’ attention quite as readily as an argali, kudu, or Cape buffalo. But climbing mountains in the shadows of ancient Greeks, Carpathians, Romans, and Goths lends enough mystique to the adventure for most hunters.

Chamois Facts

Other names: gems (Dutch); gams (German); camoscio (Italian); gamuza (Spanish)

Heraldric Representation: Chamois imagery has been found on more than 50 heralds and coats of arms.

The long, black nape and back ridge hairs of chamois are often worn on Tyrolean hats as accents called gamsbarts.

Like many mountain animals, chamois seek security in cliffs and rugged terrain from which they habitually watch for danger from below. Stalking from above gives hunters some advantage.

Chamois horns can be aged by counting annual growth rings.

Countries with chamois (though not necessarily hunting seasons): Spain, France, Switzerland, Germany, Czech, Slovakia, Poland, Austria, Italy, Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia, Yugoslavia, Albania, Macedonia, Greece, Bulgaria, Romania, Georgia, Azerbaijan, Armenia, Turkey, New Zealand.

 

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